英语中常见的介词有哪些?(in, on, at, of, for, with, about, to...)
时间: 2025-08-22 07:22:03
好的,英语中的介词(Preposition)是一个非常核心的词类,用于表示名词或代词与其他词之间的关系(如时间、地点、方向、方式等)。
以下是英语中最常见和核心的介词,并附上它们的主要用法分类和简单例句,以便您更好地理解和记忆。
英语中最常见的介词列表
核心简单介词:
about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, out, outside, over, past, since, through, throughout, till, to, toward(s), under, until, up, upon, with, within, without
合成介词 (由两个词组成):
according to, ahead of, because of, due to, except for, instead of, next to, out of, prior to, such as
为了更系统地学习,我们可以将这些介词按功能分为以下几大类:
1. 表示时间 (Time)* at: 用于具体钟点、短暂时间点。
* at 9:00, at noon, at night, at Christmas
* on: 用于具体的某一天或日期。
* on Monday, on my birthday, on October 1st
* in: 用于较长时段(年月、季节、世纪)或一天中的一部分。
* in 2023, in summer, in the 20th century, in the morning
* for: 表示持续一段时间。
* for two hours, for a long time
* since: 表示自过去某个时间点开始,持续到现在。
* since last year, since yesterday
* during: 表示“在…期间”。
* during the movie, during the war
* from...to: 表示从某时到某时。
* from Monday to Friday
* until/till: 表示直到某时。
* until tomorrow, till next week
* by: 表示“不迟于,在…之前”。
* by tomorrow, by the end of the day
2. 表示地点/位置 (Place/Position)* at: 用于一个具体的点。
* at the door, at the bus stop, at the top of the page
* on: 用于表面或线上。
* on the table, on the wall, on the river, on page 5
* in: 用于一个封闭的二维空间或三维空间内。
* in the room, in the box, in the world, in China
* above / over: “在…上方”(over 可能有“正上方”或“覆盖”之意)。
* The picture is above the sofa. / The bridge over the river.
* below / under: “在…下方”(under 可能有“正下方”或被遮盖之意)。
* below zero, under the table
* between: 在两者之间。
* between you and me, between two buildings
* among: 在三者或更多之中。
* among the crowd, among friends
* next to / beside: 在…旁边。
* next to the bank, beside me
* by / near: 在…附近。
* by the window, near the station
* opposite: 在…对面。
* opposite the park
* in front of: 在…前面(外部)。
* in front of the building
* behind: 在…后面。
* behind the house
* into: 进入(表示动作方向)。
* walk into the room
* out of: 从…出来。
* get out of the car
* through: 穿过。
* walk through the forest
* across: 横过。
* swim across the river
3. 表示方式、手段、工具 (Manner, Means, Instrument)* by: 用某种方式或交通工具。
* by car, by train, by hand, by mistake
* with: 用某种具体工具或伴随着。
* write with a pen, cut with a knife, with my friends
* without: 没有。
* without money, without you
* in: 用某种语言、材料或方式。
* in English, in pencil, in a loud voice
4. 表示原因、目的、对象 (Reason, Purpose, Target)* for: 为了,因为(表示目的或原因)。
* buy a gift for you, famous for its food
* because of / due to: 因为(后接名词)。
* because of the rain, due to bad weather
* to: 给,向(表示对象或方向)。
* give it to her, go to school
* from: 来自,由于。
* a letter from my mom, suffer from a cold
5. 表示所属、关系 (Possession, Relationship)* of: …的(表示所属或关联)。
* the capital of China, a friend of mine
* with: 带有,具有。
* a man with a beard, a room with a view
* about: 关于。
* a book about history, talk about you
重要提示:
许多介词一词多义,其具体含义高度依赖于上下文。例如,on 可以表示时间(on Monday)、地点(on the desk)或状态(on fire)。最好的学习方法是通过短语和句子来记忆,而不是孤立地背单词。